Apparatus for exhibiting motion picture film



April 4, 1944. w. c. EDWARDS I APPARATUS FOR EXHIBITING MOTION PICTURE FILM Filed. June 18, 1941 7 Sheets-Shet 1 rlll IIIIIIIJ April 4, 1944. w. c. EDWARDS APPARATUS FOR EXHIBI'IING MOTION PICTURE FILM Filed June 18, 1941 7 Sheets-Sheet 2 m m U m l \M J1 \A afit I y 0k hm m JVIIIFIWN N N WW 1 W mmu m R m WW R nnmmuww m m a a an O? ww Q E N v 2 0 Q H 1. m MN G 1 m m Nm A WT NW IL. I- -l\.r|.lil.l.l!|\

April 1944- w. c. EDWARDS 2,345,869

APPARATUS FOR EXHIBITING MOTION PICTURE FILM Filed June 18, 1941 7 Sheets-Sheet 5 April-4, 1944.

W. C. EDWARDS APPARATUS FOR EXHIBITING MOTION PICTURE FILM Filed June 18, 1941 7 Sheets-Sheet 4 A n il 4, 1944 w. c. EDWARDS 3 5,8

APPARATUS FOR EXHIBITING MOTION PICTURE FILM Filed June 18, 1941 7 Sheets-Sheet 5 W. C. EDWARDS APPARATUS FOR EXHIBITING MOTION PICTURE FILM April 4, 1944.

7 Sheets-Sheet 6 I Filed June 18, 1941 April 4, 1944. w. c. EDWARDS APPARATUS FOR EXHIBITING MOTION PICTURE FILM "I. SheetsSheet '7 Filed June 18, 1941 NM NM DQDQDUODUDUDD Patented Apr. 4, 1944 APPARATUS FOR EXHIBITING MOTION PICTURE FILM William 0. Edwards, Los Angeles, Calif., assignor to Albert L. Beckett, Lcs Angeles, Calif.

Application June 18, 1941, Serial No. 398,588

(01. SSE-17) 15 Claims.

This invention relates to an apparatus for exhibiting motion picture film, and, while not necessarily confined thereto, is directed particularly to an apparatus by means of which a selected film may be automatically withdrawn from the supply of films, passed through a film projecting apparatus, and returned to the supply. The invention is of particular value for use as a coin-actuated motion picture machine.

Heretofore, the art has experienced great diificulty in constructing a mechanism for the satisfactory handling of motion picture films in response to the action of a coin-actuated mechanism. For practical operation, a coin-actuated motion picture projecting machine should be capable of selective action-that is to say, the operator of the machine should be able to select a particular film from a plurality of film supplied in the machine in response to the deposit in the machine of a coin. Because of the delicate nature of motion picture film, the art has heretofore had great diificulty in providing a mechanism, by means of which motion picture film can be automatically threaded into a projector machine exhibited and returned to its original position without damage or undue wear to the film.

It is a general object of the present invention to provide an apparatus for projecting film, by means of which any desired selected film may be withdrawn from a source of supply of films threaded and passed automatically through a projector and returned to the source of supply of films without damage or undue wear upon the film.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide an apparatus for projecting film, by means of which the several different films to be exhibited are at ali times maintained essentially separate and independent of the other in the machine, so that they may be individually replaced from time to time and so that damage or wear of an individual film will in no manner interfere with the operations on the remaining film.

The apparatus for exhibiting motion picture film of the present invention, together with various additional advantages thereof, will best be understood from a description of a preferred form or example of an apparatus for exhibiting film embodying the present invention. For that purpose, I have hereinafter described such a preferred example of the invention in connection with the accompanying drawings.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is an electrical diagram of electrical control circuits employed in the apparatus of the present invention.

Figure 2 is an elevation of the means for selectively feeding the film to the projecting apparatus.

Figure 3 is an enlarged elevation of the projector and certain associated film-handling mechanism showing the position of the projector with the projector gate closed.

Figure 4 is a similar fragmentary view indicating the position of the mechanism to the gate opened.

Figure 5 is a fragmentary view of the slide for the gate.

Figure 6 is a section on the line 66 of Figure 3.

Figure 7 is a fragmentary section on the line 7-1 of Figure 3.

Figure 8 is a fragmentary plan view of the clutch means employed in the projector.

Figure 9 is a section on the line 99 of Figure 3.

Figure 10 is an elevation partially in section of the programming switch.

Figure 11 is an elevation at right angles to Figure 10.

Figure 12 is a section on the line l2l2 of Figure 10.

Figure 13 is a plan view of a rotary switch employed in the electrical control circuits.

Figure 14 is a section on the line I4l4 of Figure 13.

Figure 15 is a section on the line l5-l5 of Figure 13.

Figure 16 is a plan view of certain mechanism used in making selective connection between the feeding mechanism of the apparatus and the film to be exhibited.

Figure 17 is an elevation of such of the mechanism shown in Figure 16.

Figure 18 is a fragmentary section on the line iE-lil of Figure 1'7.

Figure 19 is a fragmentary section on the line iiil5i of Figure 17.

Figure 20 is a plan view of the tape and film employed.

Figure 21. is a fragmentary section on the line 2l 2l of Figure 20.

. Figure 22 is a fragmentary section on the line 22-22 of Figure 20.

Figure 23 is a fragmentary section of certain friction drive means employed for driving film.

Figure 24 is a fragmentary section on the line fie-24 of Figure 23.

Referring to the drawings, the apparatus includes a film projector 2, which may be of any usual or preferred type, except that certain modifications hereinafter described are made in the manner of operating a gate which holds the film in the position to be projected, and certain additions are made for the purpose of retracting film from the claws of the film-advancing mechanism of the projector for declutching said mechanism and providing substitute drives for the film during rewinding operations. It will be understood that the film projector may include any usual means for not only visually displaying the film but also for reproducing sound in case the film exhibited contains a sound track thereon.

The apparatus also includes a plurality of reels 3 for separately and independently holding the different film to be exhibited bythe apparatus. The particular machine shown is indicated as provided with twelve different films to be exhibited, although obviously any larger or smaller numberofreels maybe provided,ifdesired. The reels are indicated as mounted'upon a shaft 4, the lower end of which shaft is supported by a bearing 5, which may be of the multi-jaw type, or other type, permitting a slight pivoting'a'ction for releasing theshaftd. The shaft 4 at its upper -'end is provided with a bearing 6 having 'a latchl', by-means of -whi'ch"the'upper end ofthe shaft may be released for withdrawal of the shaft and reels 3 from the mechanism :for replacing any one or all of the film thereon. .At'its upper end, the shaft 13 is connected to an electric motor 8, by meansof which the shaft li may be continuously driven, as hereinafter described, in

a-direction tending to windup the'film on the reels 3. At all times in the operation of the machine, including that period where the film is being Withdrawn from the reels 3, the shaft 4 is driven'by the-motor 8 ina dire'otion tending to wind up the film on the reelsls. The reels 3, as indicated in Figures 23 and '24, have a friction drive connection with the shaft 4 so thatsuch reels 'may be'rotated when desired in a reverse direction to the rotation of the shaft '4, or may be rotated by said shaft 4. As-indicatedin Figures 23 and 24, there is provided a concave-annular recess 9 on the shaft dfor each of the reels3'to' be mounted thereon. Each reel 3 is providedwith a hub Ill having abore mounting a ball I l engaging such recess s under the infiuenceof a spring'lfl.

From each reel the film to be exhibited passes over drive pulleys l3, mounted on a shaft 1 3, which shaft is intended tobe driven by a motor Id. The motor 85 is intended during the act of withdrawal of a film from one of the reels .3 to provide a-sufficient driving force for the retraction of the film from the reel 3toovercomethe force provided by the motor 8, tending to re- Wind such'film on the reel. It is .a valuable feature of the method and apparatus of the present invention .that the same is so designed as to be capable of very carefully :controlling'and regulating the forces imposed upon the film .during all of the operations of handlingsueh film. ihe actual movement of the film through the gate of the projector 2 during projectingoperations is under control solely of the usual filmdriving mechanism of the projector 2, but additional film-driving means are provided'for assisting the movement of the film to the projector and for properly carrying the film away from the projector. Iffduringthe operations of the machine, the'mechanismis permitted at anytime to exert an excessive pull or tension upon the film, the film may be rapidly worn. The apparatus of the present invention is so arranged that throughout the operations of either feeding the film to the projector or retracting the film therefrom the maximum tension imposed upon the film is in the nature of 2 to 8 ounces, and preferably around 3 to 4 ounces. The motor 15 is intended to impose upon the film being retracted from the reel 3 a sufficient driving force to almost drive the film towards the projector, but in the absence of the action of the projector it is preferable that the film remain stationary despite the driving force of the motor l5. In .one form of mechanism that I have employed, each of the pulleys [3 is provided with a friction drive connection with the shaft M of the identical type shown in Figures 23 and 2d and used :in connection with the drive of the reels 3 from the shaft 4. When such friction drive of the type shown in Figures 23 and 24 is provided for the pulleys .13, adrivin'g .force .is imposed, tending to advanceeach-ofthe films fromthe reels 3. suchforcehowever, is insufiicientzto actually advance the film through the guides .of the mechanism :leading to the projector .in the absence of the assistance of the action of the film-driving mechanism of the projector 2.

Howeveniin the-preferred form of mechanism, I prefer to provide-the pulleys l3 withaform of drive connection with the motor =|5 of the type shown inFiguures 16 and 17, hereinafter described.

From the pulleys t3 thefilm passes to certain film selection mechanism. The film selection mechanism includes a pluralityofguides l6 (Fig- ,uresl2 and 19), which guides zhaveiopenings ll therein through which the :film may be passed, and which openings are preferably designed so as to bear against the-edges-onlyof thefilm so as to avoid contacting the program portion of the film. The guides 4.6 .are individually horizontally .slidable between spacers #8 (supported by standards l9. The-act-of .selectingthe particular film to be exhibited is performed by the movement of a particularly-selected:guide l5 outward a distance from thestandard iain position, so that the film held'by such guide may be brought into .positionfor engagement with the feeding mechanism carried vby an elevator 23. For selectively moving theguides lfioutward, I provide a shaft 2| leading to aselection-indieating means 22. The shaft ZI is provided with earns 23, so designed that during a single rotation of the shaftil each of the'individual guides will be successively advanced from the standard l9 in position for-making engagement with the feeding mechanism.

As is shownin Figures '2dand -2l, eachindividual film carried by .one of:the:ree1si3 isprovided with a leader portion 24. I: prefer to form such leader portions of the film-out of steelftape or other material :strongerand more durablcthan the composition of regular "motion picture "film, and such leader .may be attached tothe regular motion picture film 25 in the manner indicated in Figure 22. The steel leader E lis provided with a hook -shaped end :26. The regular film 125 has .an aperture at its end 'to :be engaged "by said hook, and, for holding the leader and'film together, adhesive tape, asindicated at 2'1, may ,be attached above and below the hook. The opposite endof the leaderZdis provided with an aperture 28, *which is .for the purpose of p rmitting connection "to .be made with "the feeding means of the apparatus hereinafter described.

vided on its end with a hook Near the aperture 28 the leader is provided with a stop member 29, which is intended to strike against the face of the guide I! to limit the movement of the leader through the guide and in order to permit such guide to pull the film out into position where it may be engaged by the feeding means.

For the purpose of feeding the selected film through the projector, I provide a threading mechanism which includes a feeding tape 3!], one end of which tape is permanently attached to a take-up reel 3| driven by an electric motor 32. The feeding tape 30 is likewise preferably formed of steel or other relatively durable material.

From the take-up reel 3| the feeding tape passes over pulleys 33 and 34, over tensioning device 35, through the projector to a second tensioning device 36 and to the elevator 20. The elevator 23 consists of a body member 31, which is mounted for vertical sliding movement on rods 38. A cable 39 is attached to the elevator body 37 and is trained over pulleys 40 and 4|, the pulley 4! being adapted to be driven by an elevator motor 42. The body 31 mounts a pulley 31a for the film or tape entering the elevator, and there is an opening through the body for the passage of either i the film or tape. Two pairs of rollers 43 are provided for engagement with the edges of the film as the film or tape passes through the elevator body. The elevator also mounts a magnet 44 for actuating a pawl 45, provided with a pin 45, which pin 46 is intended to pass through an ap erture 4'! in the feeding tape 30, so that when the pin is engaged in such aperture the elevator 20 may be raised and lowered, without altering the position of the feeder tape 30 relativ to the elevator. The elevator is also provided with a hinged stop member 48. The elevator 20 is mounted in the apparatus with reference to the standards holding the guides i6, so that as such elevator is moved upwardly the stop 48 will strike against any guide IS which is projected from the standard l9 and thereby limit the upward movement of the elevator. The stop 48 is hinged so that the elevator may pass downwardly past any projecting guide. The feeder tape 30 is pro- 49, which is adapted to pass into the opening 28 on the leader tape. The operation, therefore, of the mechanism in selecting a particular film to be displayed is as follows:

The shaft 24 is rotated to a suitable position, as indicated by the indicator 22, to advance the guide l6 associated with the particular film to be displayed. When so advanced, the aperture 28 of the leader 24 is in position to make engagement with the hook 49 of the feeder tape 30. The elevator (which initially is in a position below the guides 16) is driven upward until the hook of the feeder tape passes through the aperture of the leader 24. The movement of the elevator is continued upwardly a sufiicient distance to cause an engagement of the feeder tape with the leader, at which point the stop 48 strikes the bottom of the guide I5, limiting further movement of the elevator.

In the preferred form of apparatus, there is also supported by the elevator 20 an arm 50, one end of which is provided with a guide sliding on a rod 5|. roller 52 is for the purpose of establishing a drive connection between the motor l5 and the pulley l3 of the particular film to be displayed by the mechanism. In the preferred form of apparatus, the pulleys 13 are mounted on a rod 53 by brack- The arm 50 carries a roller 52. The

ets 54. The motor I 5 drives spools 55. The roller 52 is adapted to contact the bracket 54 associated with the particular film to be displayed and pivot that bracket to bring its pulley into driving contact with one of the spools driven by the motor I 5. Thus, in the preferred form of the invention, a driving force is imparted by the motor [5 only to the particular film to be projected. To further control the tension on the film, I provide electric contacts 36a normally open, but designed to be closed by tension device 36 when the tension imposed on the film rises above a predetermined value. The contacts 3611 then short resistance in the circuit of motor I 5 and speed up motor i5, and reduce the tension on the film.

There is also mounted upon the elevator body 2!! a micro-control switch 56, which includes a contact 51 adapted to be made by a pivoted arm 58, which carries a roller 59 adapted normally to roll on the edge of either the feeding tape 33, the leader tape 24, or the film. Certain notches hereinafter described in connection with the elec trical diagram are provided on the feeder tape 30 and on the film 25 to be projected, which will permit the roller to close the contact 51 of the micro-switch to effect certain control operations.

Now, referring more particularly to Figures 3 to 9, inclusive, certain additions are made to the mechanism of the projector 2 for the purpose of controlling the movement of the film through the projector to reduce the wear on the film. When the film is being displayed by being passed through the projector, it is driven through the projector by the usual drive means of the projector, but in many of the operations of the apparatus it is desirable to release the film from the claw-driving mechanism of the projector to Dermit the film or the tapes associated with the film to be passed through the projector at different speeds and under conditions to reduce wear. Particularly during the act of threading the projector with the film to be displayed is it necessary to open the gate of the film to allow the various projections, hooks, etc., on the threading tape and leader of the film to pass through the pro jector. Special means are p ovided in accordance with the present invention to automatically actuate the gate of the projector. Special means are provided for disconnecting the sprockets of the projector from the usual drive means of the projector and substituting therefor other drives operated at different speeds, and means are provided for maintaining the portion of the film passing in front of the aperture in correct position and with the correct adjacent loops for permitting film to be correctly engaged upon closing the gate and allowing for immediate commencement of the usual driving operations of the projector.

As illustrated in Figures 3 to 9, inclusive, the gate 58 of the projector which holds the film in projecting operations against the aperture the projector is mounted on a plate 6! which is slidably supported by the projector. The plate 6 also supports the lens 52 of th projector. For automatic opening and closing of the gate. I provide a gate meter 53 which may have a friction drive 54 with a linkage 55. one end of which is attached to the gate slide 55, as indicated at 55. By energizing the motor 53, the motor is capable of operating the linkage from position shown in Figure 3, where the gate is closed to an expanded position indicated in Figure 4, where the gate is opened and the film passinthe aperture of the gate is released from the 'llsllaldlive claws-El of the projectordrive mechanism. Associateid'with the gate openingmech-i :anismiare certain contact devices, includingan "arm :68 actuated on movement of the gate motor. The arm 68.15 indicated as having two front'contacts'iifi and .16 adapted in the, closed position to make contact with contacts "ii and '12, respectively, and with the back contact 13 adapted in the closed position to make contact with the contact'l 'l, supported b a spring-pressed arm 15. The purpose of such contacts is hereinafter more particularly described in connection with the description of the electrical diagram of the apparatus.

In passing a motion picture film by the aperture of the projector 2,'it is, of course, driven in the usual manner by the claws 67 in a step-bystepmanner, and in order that such driving ac- .tion'will not impose a tension upon thefilmit is .necessary to maintain a loop of film both above andbelow the aperture. Mechanism is provided .for maintaining the correct size of such loops during the operation of opening and closing the gate. For this jpurpose,.I provide two pivoted arms It and TI, carrying at their ends rollers 18 and 79 :for engagement with the film adjacent the usual drive sprockets 8% of the projector and holding a loop of film during the act of opening the gate. For actuating the arms, I provide links SI and 82 attached at one end to the arms, as indicated, and at the other end to the gate to.

For the purpose of disconnecting the drive .sprockets 8% of the projector from the usual drive mechanism, I provide the mechanism hereinafter described. The drive sprockets til are indicated as geared to an idler 8d, and one of the sprockets is indicated driven from gearing 85 through a shaft 86. The gearing 85 may lead to the usual drive motor of the projector. As ordinarily constructed, the shaft 85 is solidly connected with the gearing 85, but, in order to provide the novel control of the present invention, I break such shaft and include therein a jaw clutch Bl adapted to be operated by a magnet 88. Connected to the sprockets Bil, I provide an additional gear 89 adapted to be driven by a motor 98. I also preferably provide a gear 9| meshing with the sprocket gearing for the purpose of driving a pulley 92, which is for the purpose of providing a smooth movement of the film from the projector by the second reproducing apparatus as.

Now, referring more particularly to Figures to of the drawings, the electrical control mechanism of the apparatus includes in addition to the elements herein described. a programming switch 94, illustrated in Figures 10 to 12, inclusive, and a motor-driven control switch 95, illustrated in Figures 13 to 15, inclusive. The programming switch 5% consists of a plurality of stationarily mounted contacts arranged circumferentially and adapted to be successively engaged by contact points on a rotor 91,, which has four arms supporting contact points at intervals of 90 apart. The rotor 91 of the programming switch is intended to be rotated by a ratchet wheel 93, actuated by a pawl 99 of the magnet Hill. The motor-actuated control switch 95 consists of a shaft IaI driven by a motor H32, which shaft carries a plurality of cams I03 to I93, inclusive, the particular shape of which cams is indicated on the electrical diagram in Figure 1. Such cams engage rollers, for actuating switches ms to H4, respectively.

The method of handling film in the operation of the apparatus of the present invention will :tion, as viewed in Figure 1. provided with two notches 180 be understood fromadescriptiontoflsuch operation in connection with 'the electrical diagram ofFigure 1. In the, electrical diagram, av pair of power mains H5 and H6 is indicated, which may operated switch H9 (which is the onand off switch for the apparatus) to the switch Ill,

through the motor I532 of the motor-driven switchse to the main H6. Accordingly, the motor Hi2 starts rotating the series of .cams I03 to 1%, inclusive, in a counter-clockwise direc- The cam N13 is apart, and the switch I05 associated with the cam adapted to be closed whenever the roller associated with that switch .is moved outof one'of the notches. As soon as the motor Hi2 is energized, therefore, switch Hill is closed .and .a circuit is established for maintaining the motor I02 energized until the motor has driven the switch through an arc of 180, whereupon the switch its will be opened by its roller dropping in the opposite notch of the cam I03. Accordingly, the deposit of a coin in the machine causes the motor-actuated switch as to be rotated through an arc-of 180, whereupon the switch stops. The gearing of such switch is preferably designed so that a short interval of time, such for example as 8 seconds, is consumed by the switch in making this rotation in order to allow a-period of timefor the performance of certain operations. by the apparatus during this action. The cams Hi3 to ltd'inclusivaare shown in the position they occupy after the motor me has rotated the switch180 from its initial position.

The closing of the coin-actuated switch H8 energizes a relay I20, which closes its contacts IZI, which contacts are provided with a latch 122 for holding thesame closed until released by the energization of a releasing magnet I23. The closing of contacts I2! in turn establishes a circuit forenergizing a relay I24 to closeits contacts I25. The closing of the contactsIZSof relay I24 connect the rotor 91 of the programming switch to the main H5 (through on and off switch H9). Theprogrammingswitch has four sets of contacts for cooperating with the four arms of the rotor 91, and the corresponding .contacts of such switch which make corresponding connections With thearms of the rotor are marked A to H, inclusive. At the'commencement of the operation of the'machine, the rotor 91 is in position to engage the Hcontacts. When the rotor 9'! is connected to th main, as described, a circuit is established through .the rotor to one of the H contacts, through line 26, to the magnettfi, which releases the clutch 87 to disconnect the sprockets of the projector machine from the normal driving mechanism of the projecting machine. Simultaneously, the magnet 88 closes contact I2! and openscontact 128. The opening of contact E28 prevents temporarily the supply of current tothe projector.

The energizing of relay I25 has the iurthereffect of establishing a circuit from the main M5 through contacts E25 or relay i211, throughthe motor 8, which frictionally drives reelst, so that I63 is throughout the operation of the machine the film on the reels 3 is under tension, tending to maintain the same on the reels. An audio amplifier I29, indicated as paralleling the motor 8, is simultaneously energized, said audio amplifier serving to energize the sound system of the apparatus.

During the interval of time that the motor switch is rotating 180, cam I06 allows its contact II2 to be closed. This establishes a circuit through a speed control resistor I30 to the elevator motor 42. The elevator motor is correspondingly energized and the elevator 26 is driven upward until connection is established in the manner previously described between the leader 24 of the selected film and the feeding tape 33 of the apparatus. The motor 42 is preferably selected to be of a type which will not be damaged by a short continuation of the supply of energy thereto after the elevator has been stalled.

Upon completion of the 180 rotation of the rotary switch 95, cam I98 allows the closing of its contact II 4, establishing a circuit from the mains through the contact of the film-actuated micro-switch 55 through the magnet I 09, which operates the pawl of the ratchet wheel 98 of the program switch 94. As a result, the rotor 97 of the programming switch is rotated from the position where it is engaging the H contacts to the position in which it engages the A contacts.

Likewise, upon completion of said 180 movement of the rotary switch 95, cam its allows contacts III) to be closed, which establishes a circuit from the mains through the magnet 44 (mounted upon the elevator 20 and holding the pin 46 into the opening 41 in the feeding tape). Accordingly, when magnet 44 is energized, the pin is retracted from the feeding tape, rendering it possible for the tape and film to be drawn through the projector.

Upon rotation of the programming switch 94 into position to make the A contacts, a circuit is established from one of the A contacts through a speed control resistor I3I to the drive motor I5, through the contact I I0 controlled by cam I04 back to the main. The driving motor is accordingly energized to apply tension tending to counterbalance the reel motor 8 and drive the film towards the projector.

The movement of the programming switch 94 in position to make the A contacts further es tablishes a circuit from one of the A contacts through a speed control resistor I32 to the film take-up motor 32. The film take-up motor is accordingly energized for the purpose of winding the film passed from the projector upon the take-up reel.

Upon movement of the rotary switch off the H contacts, the magnet 89 is deenergized, ccn necting the clutch of the projector with the projector sprockets, and positioning the projector in position to drive the film or tape through the projector. Simultaneously, contacts I21 are broken and contacts I28 closed. The closing of contact I28 establishes a circuit through the arm 68 of the gate motor 63 through contact II closed by the arm of the gate motor to the motor I33 and lamp I34 of the projector. Accordingly, the film moving mechanism of the projector and the lamp of the projector are energized.

By the sequence of operations described, the various film-driving means of the apparatus that is, the film take-up motor 32, the film drive motor I5, and the motor I33 01 the projection machine-are energized and the movement or" the film through the projector commences with the gate of the projector in the open position. As soon as the movement of the film starts, the switch 51 actuated by the film is opened. At the start of the operations, this switch is closed by the engagement of the roller 59 (Figures 1'7 and 18) with a notch I35 in the feeding tape 39. Immediately upon the start of the movement of the feeder tape and film through the projector, the roller moves out of this notch, opening the switch 51. This deenergizes the magnet I96, which operates the ratchet mechanism of the programming switch, and positions such mechanism in condition to allow for a subsequent movement of the programming switch upon a subsequent closing of the film-actuated switch 51.

When the tape and film have been moved suificiently far to bring the notch I36 in the film 25 into contact with the roller of the switch 57, the magnet I99 of the programming switch is again energized and the programming switch moved from position where its rotor is engaging the A contacts to a position to engage the B contacts. The notch I36 is on the film 25 in front of the portions of the film having sound picture developments therein which are to be displayed by the projector.

Upon rotation of the programming switch to make the B contacts, a circuit is established from one of the B contacts to a reversing relay I33, which operates reversing contacts I 39 for reversing the field f the projection gate motor 63. Accordingly, the gate motor operates to close the gate of the projector to bring the film into proper focus with the aperture. The motor 63 is preferably of the type which is capable of being left energized while held in a stopped position without damage so that it may drive the gate to the closed position and be retained energized throughout the operations of the apparatus.

During the movement of the gate from the opened to the closed position, the circuit to the projection motor I33 of the projection machine is opened by separation of contacts II from the moving arm 68 of the gate motor, so that during the operation of closing the gate there is no movement of the film or the tape through the projection machine. Upon arrival of the gate at the closed position, contact is made between the arm 68 and contact I4 for reestablishing a circuit to the projection motor I33 and lamp I34. The movement of the film through the apparatus starts again and continues until that portion of the film which carries the program of the film has passed through the projector.

On the film 25, following the portion of the film carrying the program, is provided a notch I49 which, by making contact with the roller of the film-actuated switch 57, effects a further energization of the magnet I06, which operates the ratchet mechanism of the programming switch 94 and accordingly advances the programming switch into position so that its rotor engages the C contacts.

When the programming witch makes the 0 contacts, a circuit is established through one of the C contacts to a reversing relay I41, which thereby operates its reversing contacts I42 for the purpose of reversing the field of the drive motor I5. Accordingly, the drive motor I5 will now be energized in the direction tending to cause the film to be rewound back upon the reels 3. Simultaneously, the original circuit energizing the drive motor through the speed control resistance I3I' is broken and a new circuit established through one of the C contacts through the speedcontrol resistor I3! in such a manner as to speedup the action of the drive motor I5 to provide for increased speed'of movement of the film during rewinding operations.

i-iimultaneously,- one of the C contacts reestablishes the circuit through line I25 to the magnet 38, which operates the clutch 3'? between the drive motor I33 of the projector and the drive sprockets 80 of the projector to release the clutch and disconnect the sprocket 80 from the motor !33 of the projector. Simultaneously, contact H8 is broken and contact I21 made. The movement of the programming switch 94 on" the 33 contacts has broken the circuit to the reversing relay I38 of the-gate motor, so that the gate motor opens the gate of the projector previous to the rewinding operations. Upon closing of thecontact I2 'I,.a circuit is established from one of the C contactsof the programming switch through the speed control resistor M3 to therewind motor 90,,which now drives the sprockets 80 ofthe projector. The circuit is completed through the contact 12, which makes contact with contact. 69 of the arm 68 of the gate motor when the gate is in the open position, I,

through the contact I21 closed by energizing the magnet 83 of the clutch mechanism. With the movement of the programming switch off theB contacts the circuit to the take-up motor 52 is-broken;

By means thus described, the apparatus now commences to rewind the film upon the reel 3 at high speed. During the first portion of the rewind operation, the notch Mo on the film effects a further energization of the magnet lid) of the ratchet wheel'of the programming switch to move the programming switch over into position to make the D contacts. This operation of the programming switch, however, establishes no new circuit connections.

The operation of rewinding the film continues until the notch I36 on the film 25 engages the film-actuated switch 5'I, whereupon a further energization ofthe magnet I00 of the ratchet mechanism of the programming switch advances I the programming; switch to position to make the E contacts, atwhich position connections to the speed control resistor I43 ofthe projector rewind motor 90 arealtered to decrease the speedof rewinding the film. The film continues to be rewound at a reduced speed until the notch {35 on the feeder tape encounters the switch 5'5, whereupon a further energizationof the magnet Ids of the ratchet mechanism of the programming switch 94 moves theprogramming switch into position to establish the F contacts.

Upon arrival of the programming switch in position to make the F contacts, the how of current to the drive motor I5 is uninterrupted and the now of current to the projection rewind motor 96 is interrupted. The movement of the film and tape through the machine is stopped by the contact of the stop 29 on the leader striking one of the guides IE of the selective mechanism ofth'e machine. This stops the movement of the him in position, so that the film-actuated switch will be held closed by the notch I and so that the aperture ET of the feeder tape 39 is in position in order. that it may be engaged by the pin it actuated by magnet E4". Simultaneously, a

gangst circuit is established from" one of the? contacts to the motor 32' of the rotary switch esto again rotate such switch 180 in a counter-clockwise direction to return such rotary switch toits original position. At the commencement of the rotation of the rotary switch, contact Iii. is opened by cam HM, deenergizing the magnet stand allowing the pin 46 to drop into the hole 41. in the steel feeder tape 3!! of the film. Contact H2 controlled by cam 56 is allowed to close establishing a circuit to a reversing reiay Hi5, which actuates reversing contacts l lfiof the elevator motor l2, which reverses the direction of flow of current to the elevator motor, so that when the elevator motor is energized it will move downwardly to disconnect the feeder'tape 3% from the leader is of the film. Contact H3 controlled by cam It? is closed and energy is: suppiied to the elevator motor 62 downwardly. To disconnect the hook of the feeder tape 39 from the leader is of the film the elevator 20 continues to descend until it reaches its initial position. Contact Elli is opened on the initial movement of cam I98 and allows the magnet Hit! of the ratchet mechanism of the programming switch 94 to he prepared for a subsequent operation.

The rotary switch 95 continues its rotation until notch I lt on cam I08 is brought into position to allow a further closing of contact I I4, at which time the magnet Hi0 of the programming switch is again energized to move the programming switch into position to make the G contacts, at which time the releasing coil I23 of relay I20 is energized to open the contacts 2! so thatrelay IZQ is deenergized and the supply of current tothe programming switch interrupted. The coil 923 is preferably provided with a thermostat delay so that it will not release contacts I25 until the rotary switch has advanced sufficiently to have brought notch IA] of cam its in position to sheet a further operation of the magnet and ratchet mechanism of the programming switch to advance the programming switch into position to make the H contacts; In the H position the return circuit to the releasing coil I23 of relay 52o is'disconnected and the apparatus is again in position for a further operation on the deposit of additional coins.

I claim:

1. A motion picture projection apparatus, including a projector having a gate through which the film to be exhibited is to pass, means for automatically opening andclosingsaid' gate, a takeup means, a threadin'g'tape connected atone end of said take-up meansand movable through said gate and provided at its' other end with means for making detachable connection with the selected film to be exhibited, a plurality. of separate film-holding members, means for'sel'ecting a film from said holding means to be connected to said threading member, means for automatically moving said threading member for establishing said connection, and means for subsequently moving the threading member film through said gate toefiect exhibition of said film, said means including" means for operating said automatic gate opening means for maintaining the gate of said projector in open position while said threading member passes therethrough and for subsequently closing said'gate during passage of the film through said projector.

2. A motion picture projection apparatus, including a projector having. agate through which the film to be" exhibited is to pass, means for automatically opening and closing said gate, a

take-up means, a threading 'tape connected at one end of said take-up means and movable through said gate and provided at its other end with means for making detachable connection with the selected film to be exhibited, a plurality of separate film-holding members, means for selecting a film from said holding means to be connected to said threading member, means for automatically moving said threading member for establishing said connection, means for subsequently moving the threading member film through said gate to effect exhibition of said film, said means including means for operating said automatic gate opening means for maintaining the gate of said projector in open position while said threading member passes therethrough and for subsequently closing said gate during passage of the film through said projector, and means for automatically reversing the movement of the film and threading tape at the completion of the operation of exhibiting the film, said means in cluding means for opening the gate of said projector.

3. A motion picture projection apparatus, including a projector having a gate through which the film to be exhibited is to pass, means for antomatically opening and closing said gate, a takeup means, a threading tape connected at one end of said take-up means and movable through said gate and provided at its other end with means for making detachable connection with the selected film to be exhibited, a plurality of separate film-holding members, means for selecting a film from said holding means to be connected to said threading member, means for automatically moving said threading member for establishing said connection, means for subsequently moving the threading member film through said gate to effect exhibition of said film, said means including means for operating said automatic gate opening means for maintaining the gate of said projector in open position while said threading member passes therethrough and for subsequently closin said gate during passage of the film through said projector, and means for automatically reversing the movement of the film and threading tape at the completion of the operation of exhibiting the film, said means including means for opening the gate of said projector, said means for reversing the movement for rewinding the film including means for effecting such reverse movement at an increased speed.

4. A selective motion picture apparatus, including a film projector having a gate, a threading tape passing through said gate, a plurality of separate film-holding members, films carried by said holding members and provided with leaders, said threading tape and said leaders being adapted to be detachably connected, automatic means for bodily moving the end of said threading tape relative to said leaders to establish such detachable connection between said threading tape and one of said leaders, means for selecting a particular leader to be so detachably connected with said threading tape by said relative movement, and automatic means for passing said detachably connected threading tape and leader through said projector gate.

5. A selective motion picture apparatus, including a film projector having a gate, a threading tape passing through said gate, a plurality of separate film-holding members, films carried by said holding members and provided with leader sections, said threading tape and said leaders being adapted to be detachably connected, means for selectively advancing a particular leader, automatic means for bodily moving the end of said threading tape relative to said leaders to establish such detachable connection between the threading tape and the advanced leader, and automatic means for subsequently passing the detachably connected threading tape and leader through said projector gate.

6. A selective motion picture apparatus, including a film projector having a gate, a threading tape passing through said gate, a plurality of separate film-holding members, films carried by said holding members and provided with leaders, said threading tape and said leaders being adapted to be detachably connected, automatic means for bodily moving the end of said threading tape relative to said leaders to establish such detachable connection between said threading tape and one of said leaders, said automatic means including a member adapted to be automatically detachably connected to said threading tape during said bodily movement and to be disconnected therefrom after establishment of the connection between the threading tape and leader, means for selecting a particular leader to be so detachably connected to said threading tape by said relative movement, and automatic means for passing the detachably connected threading tape and leader through said projector gate.

'7. A selective motion picture apparatus, including a film projector having a gate,a threading tape passing through said gate, a plurality of separate film-holding members, films carried by said holding members and provided with leaders, said threading tape and said leaders being adapted to be detachably connected, means for selectively advancing said leaders, automatic means for bodily moving the end of said threading tape relative to said leaders to establish such detachable connection between said threading tape and the advanced leader, said automatic means including a member adapted to be automatically detachably connected to said threading tape during said relative movement and to be automatically disconnected therefrom at the completion of said movement, and automatic means passing said detachably connected threading tape and leader through said projector gate.

8. A selective motion picture apparatus, including a film projector having a gate, a take-up means, a threading tape attached at one end to said take-up means and threaded through said gate, a plurality of separate film-holding members, films carried by said holding members and provided with leaders, said threading tape and said leaders being adapted to be detachably connected, means for selecting the particular leader to be so detachably connected, an automatic means for holding the end of said threading tape and bodily moving the same relative to said leaders to establish such detachable connection between said threading tape and the selected leader, and automatic means for subsequently passing the threading tape and film detachably connected therewith through said projector gate to said take-up means, and thereafter returning said film to said holding member.

9. A motion picture projection apparatus, including a plurality of reels, a movable guide member for the film on each reel, the film on each reel being provided with a leader having a stop-bearing against its guide, meansfor selecy tively'movingsaid guides for advancing a leader,

a threading'tape adapted tobe detachably con nectedwith any one of said'lea'ders, mechanism including an elevator movable to make connection. betweenv said threaded tape. and the advanced leader.

10. A motion picture projection apparatus,.includinga plurality of reels, a movable. guide member with a film.on1each reel, the film: on each reel being provided with a leader having a stop bearingagainst its guide, means for selectively moving said guides for advancing a leader, athreading'tape adapted to be detachablyrconnected to anyone of said leaders, andmechanism including an elevator movable to make connection between said threadingtape and: said advanced leader, said mechanism operations and for releasing said tape at the conclusion thereof.

11. A motion picture apparatus;.including a plurality of reels, a movable guide member. for

thefilrn on each reel, the film on each reel being provided-with a leader having a stop bearing against its guide, a threading tape adaptedto be detachably connected with any one of said leaders, an elevator'provided with means for holdlngthe end. of said threaded tape, said means including an electro-magnet for the release of said tape, said elevator being movable relative. to said guide members for establishing such detachable connection between'the threading tape and the advanced leader, the elevator having means for engaging the advanced guide to stop the movement of said elevator in the position where said connection is established.

12. A motion picture apparatus, including a plurality of reels, a movable guide member for the film on each reel, the film on each reel being provided with a leader having a stop bearing against its guide, a threading tape adapted to be detachably connected with any one of said leaders,. an elevator provided with means for holding the end of said threaded tape, said means including an electro-m'agnet for the. release of said tape, said elevator being movable relative to said guide members for establishing such-detachable connection between the threading tape and the advanced leadenthe elevator having means for engaging the advanced guide to stop the movement of said elevator in the including means for holding said'tape during connecting asas'gsco:

position where said connection is established; film driving means including selectively operable clutches, and means operated by said. elevator for selecting the clutch to be driven.

13. A motion picture projection apparatus, including a plurality of separate. film-holding reels, a threading tape adapted to b detachably connected with the leaders of any one of said films, a projector having means for driving the threading tape and film attached thereto by the aperture of said projector in exhibiting opera? tions, a yielding drive means for said film-holding reels normally tending to wind the film on saidreels, a supplemental film-driving means for Withdrawing film from said reels substantially counterbalanced by said yielding reel driving. means so as to be normally ineffective for movement of the film in the absence of the assistance of'the drive means of said projector, and means for: effecting a selective connection between said threadingtape and the leaders of said film to permit the drive means of said projector topass said threading tape and thereafter said film by the aperture of said projector in exhibiting operations.

14. A film projection apparatus, including a plurality of film-holding'reels, means for yieldingly driving the reels in position to wind the film onsaid reels, a film-driving means for engaging the-leaders of said films tending to with-- draw the film from said reels and normally counterbalanced by said first driving means, a projector having means for driving a threadingv tape and film by the apertureof-said projector in exhibiting operations, a. threading tape normally threaded to said projector, and means for selectively establishing a connection between said threading tape and the-film on-any one of. said reels.

15. A film projection apparatus, including a projector having a film-driving means, a plurality of separate film-holding membersmeans for yieldinglydriving said film.-holding members in a directionto retainthe filmthereon, meansfor yieldingly urging film on said members towards the projectionmachine, saidmeans beingnormally ineffective for movement of the film inthe absence of cooperation of the driving means of said projector, and means for selectively connecting one of the films of said holdingmeans with said projector driving means.

WILLIAM C. EDWARDS. 

